Pradip Thapa* , Ram Prasad Mainali, Mukunda Bhattarai, Ajaya Karkee, Krishna Hari Ghimire and Bal Krishna Joshi
National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre, NARC, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
*Corresponding author’s email: pradip.thapa876@gmail.com

Abstract

Wild Edible Food Plants (WEFPs) are plant species that grow in the wild and are not cultivated or domesticated but are edible and can be consumed by humans. This study aims to explore the diversity, availability, distribution, preference and potential barriers to utilization of (WEFPs) in Nepal. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) using semi-structured questionnaires and guidelines. Primary data was obtained from 167 informants, including 94 males and 73 females, while secondary data was collected from various relevant sources. A total of 137 WEFPs belonging to 121 genera and 72 families were documented, with tree species being the most prevalent (41%), followed by herbs (27%) and shrubs (22%). Fruits were the most commonly used plant part (41.30%), followed by leaves and shoots. The majority of the species (37%) had fruiting seasons during summer, followed by spring (27%). The most preferred WEFPs were Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. (Niuro), Rubus thomsonii Focke (Ainselu), Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don (Haade kaafal), Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) C. K. Schneid and Aegle marmelos L. (Bel). However, the consumption of these species has decreased compared to 20 years ago, with potential barriers being time constraints for collection, limited availability in markets, lack of knowledge and no market value for selling. The diversity of WEFPs found in the study area contributes significantly to dietary intake during food scarcity as well as supplementary food. However, conservation and management interventions are necessary to ensure their continued availability to support food security and local livelihoods.